基于V型嵌套阵的恒束宽波束形成方法

Constant Beamwidth Formation of Conical Array

摘要:

舰船及水下航行器隐蔽性作为其一个重要的评价指标，需要通过声呐设备准确地测量其航行状态下的辐射噪声级。作为一个体积源，其辐射噪声频谱特点通常表现为宽带连续谱+线谱形式，因此，为达到测量要求势必需要辐射噪声测量声呐阵满足一定带宽内恒定束宽波束才可保证全频带测量的准确性。提出了一种基于 V 型嵌套阵的恒束宽波束形成方法，利用线阵“左右舷模糊”的特点，构成 V 字型阵列，结合嵌套线阵的特点且可通过调整夹角控制波束宽度，实现更高测量增益的恒定束宽波束形成方法。最后，通过仿真实验验证了该方法的正确性，与传统嵌套线阵相比，解决了线阵“左右舷模糊”的缺陷同时，获得可变增益的阵列空间增益，为水下航行器辐射噪声测量提供了更好的测量手段。

Abstract:

Ship stealthiness，as a crucial evaluation metric，requires accurate measurement of the radiated noise level during ship navigation by sonar equipment. Since the vessel acts as a volumetric source，its radiated noise spectrum typically exhibits a broadband continuous spectrum plus line spectra. Consequently，meeting measurement requirements necessitates that the sonar array for radiated noise measurement must achieve constant beamwidth across the required bandwidth to guarantee accuracy in full-bandwidth measurements. A constant-beamwidth beamforming method based on a V-shaped nested array is proposed in this paper. This method ingeniously utilizes the inherent “port-starboard ambiguity” characteristic of linear arrays to form a V-shaped configuration. A constant-beamwidth beamforming method with higher measurement gain is achieved that utilizes the characteristics of nested linear arrays and controls the beam width by adjusting the included angle. Finally，computer simulation experiments verify the correctness of the proposed method. Compared with the traditional nested linear arrays，it resolves the “port-starboard ambiguity” limitation of linear arrays while achieving higher spatial array gain， providing an improved measurement technique for underwater vehicle radiated noise measurement.