水下航行器布放与回收现状及关键技术综述

Review of Current Status and Key Technologies of Underwater Vehicle Deployment and Recovery

摘要:

水下航行器布放回收技术是航行器执行探测或监视等作业的重要环节，其技术水平直接影响作业效率与安全性。系统地分析了当前水下航行器布放回收的技术现状、存在问题。对于水面回收方面，当前技术已相对成熟，但仍面临高海况适应性不足的问题；水下回收技术不受水面复杂海洋环境的干扰，在水下自主对接、定位导引和锁紧、高压密封、安全保障、通用化和无人化、流程化应用等方面存在显著技术瓶颈。 通过梳理现状和关键技术及发展趋势，为水下航行器布放回收技术的优化升级提供了理论参考，对推动我国海洋装备技术的发展具有重要意义。

Abstract:

Deployment and recovery technology is an important part for underwater vehicles to perform missions such as detection and surveillance，and its technical level directly affects the efficiency and safety of these operations. In this paper，the current technical status and existing problems associated with the deployment and recovery of underwater vehicles are systematically analyzed. The current surface recovery technology is relatively mature，but it still faces the problem of insufficient adaptability in high sea conditions. Underwater recovery technology is not disturbed by the complex marine environment of the water surface. However，there are significant technical bottlenecks in underwater autonomous docking，positioning guidance and locking，high-pressure sealing， safety assurance，generalization and unmanned operation，and process-oriented application. By analyzing the current situation and key technologies and development trends，this paper provides a theoretical reference for the optimization and upgrading of underwater vehicle deployment and recovery technology，which is of great significance for promoting the development of marine equipment technology of our country.