全约束水上飞机着水通气降载的缩比模型试验研究

Research on Scaled Model Tests of Slamming Load Reduction via Ventilation for Fully Constrained Seaplanes during Water Entry

摘要:

针对水上飞机全约束固定姿态着水过程中的砰击载荷减缓问题，提出了一种基于底部通气缝的主动降载方法。通过设计包含 4 个不同位置通气缝的试验模型，构建了完备的试验平台与数据处理系统，系统研究了静水环境下单缝及多缝联合通气策略的降载效应。试验结果表明：在 116.34 L/min 恒定通气流量条件下，第 2、第 3 通气缝单独通气时，砰击峰值载荷较未通气工况分别降低 15.1%和 11.9%，证实了局部通气方案的可行性；然而，第 1 通气缝、断阶处通气缝及多缝联合工况却导致载荷增加，揭示了通气缝位置分布对气垫形成机制的关键影响。

Abstract:

This study investigates the reduction of slamming load during the water entry of a seaplane under fully constrained fixed configurations. Four ventilation gaps are designed on the underside of the aircraft，and multiple load reduction strategies are tested by activating single or combined gaps. An experimental platform and data processing methodology are developed to systematically analyze the load mitigation effects of different ventilation strategies in a static water environment. The results demonstrate that under a ventilation flow rate of 116.34 L/min ， individually activating the second or third ventilation gap reduces peak slamming load by 15.1% and 11.9%，respectively，compared to non-ventilated conditions，confirming the effectiveness of localized ventilation. Conversely，activating the first gap，the step-positioned gap，or multi-gap combinations increases load， highlighting the critical influence of gap positioning on air-cushion formation.