浮冰对通气航行体出水空泡及水动力影响研究

Study on Effects of Floating Ice on Ventilation Cavity and Hydrodynamics of Vehicles

摘要:

研究浮冰对航行体出水过程中的空泡流场与水动力特性影响机制，对于拓展潜射武器装备在冬季低温浮冰环境的应用具有重要意义。基于计算流体动力学–有限元方法（Computional fluid dynamics-Finite Element Method，CFD-FEM），构建了碎冰环境下钝头通气航行体撞冰出水双向流固耦合计算模型，对比研究了自由水域与碎冰环境下航行体垂直出水空泡形态演化及水动力特性的差异。结果表明：浮冰造成肩空泡出现弯曲褶皱，促进了空泡与周围液体的掺混，流场的高速和旋涡存在区域面积明显增大。浮冰冲击造成航行体头部出现高应力区域，显著增加了航行体穿越水面阶段的动能损失，降低了其运动稳定性。适用于冰区环境的新型航行体必须具备更强的抗冲击韧性，研究结果可为新型冰区航行体的设计提供一定参考。

Abstract:

Studying the influence mechanism of floating ice on the cavity flow and hydrodynamic characteristics during the water exit process of a vehicle is of great significance for expanding the application of submarine-launched vehicle in low-temperature environments. Based on computational fluid dynamics-finite element method（CFD-FEM），a bidirectional fluid-structure coupling model is established to calculate the water exit of a blunt-headed vented vehicle in a floating ice environment. A comparative study is conducted on the differences in cavity evolution and hydrodynamic characteristics between ice-free and ice-water mixture environments. The results indicate that floating ice causes bending and wrinkling of the shoulder cavity，promoting a mixing of cavity with surrounding liquid，and increasing the area of high velocity and vortex presence in the flow field. The impact of ice leads to the formation of high-stress regions at the head of the vehicle，resulting in a reduction in its kinetic energy during the cross-water stage and decreasing its motion stability. Novel vehicles suitable for ice-covered environments must possess greater impact resistance. The findings can provide some reference for the design of new vehicles intended for operation in icy regions.