空化器绕射弹构型空化流动特性研究

Study on Cavitation Flow Characteristics of Cavitator around Projectile Configuration

摘要:

为研究射弹头型优化问题，通过选取倒梯台型、圆球型及圆柱型的空化器构型，针对不同空化器构型的空化绕流进行数值模拟。结果表明：同一空化数下，倒梯台型空化器产生的空穴尺度最大，更易于空化的生成，圆柱型空化器次之，半球形空化器不易于产生空化。湍动能与空泡的生成息息相关，倒梯台型空化器附近的湍动能最大，其空泡尺度也最大。倒梯台型空化器比例对绕射弹高速空化流动影响显著，随着空化器直径比例加大，空泡厚度加大，但亦导致航行阻力系数明显增大。综合来看，倒梯台型空化器更易于空化的生成，可以为超空泡射弹优选设计方案提供支撑。

关键词:超空泡射弹;倒梯台空化器;空化绕流;空泡形态

Abstract:

In order to optimize the projectile head shape，numerical simulations of the cavitation flow field of different cavitator configurations，including inverted cone-shaped，hemispherical，and cylindrical are conducted. The results indicate that under the same cavitation number，the inverted trapezium cavitator produces the largest cavitation profile and is more prone to cavitation generation. Cylindrical cavitator comes in second place，while hemispherical cavitator is less prone to cavitation. The turbulent kinetic energy is closely related to the generation of cavities，and the turbulent kinetic energy is highest near the inverted trapezium cavitator，so its cavity size is also the largest. The diameter ratio between the smaller and larger bottom surfaces of the inverted trapezium cavitator has a significant impact on the high-speed cavitation flow around the projectile. As this ratio increases，the thickness of the cavity increases，but it also leads to a significant increase in the navigation resistance coefficient. Overall，the inverted cone-shaped cavitator is easier to generate cavitation and can provide support for the optimal design scheme of supercavitating projectiles.

Key words:supercavitation projectile;inverted trapezium cavitator;cavitating flow field;cavity shape