可变载多轴矢量推进UUV水动力特性数值研究

Numerical Study on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Variable-load Multi-axis Vector-propelled UUV

摘要:

推进性能是水下航行器至关重要的性能之一，水下矢量推进技术凭借其全方位推进控制、高效推进效率和较低振动噪音水平，成为未来高性能水下航行器的最佳选择。为兼顾高速航行和低速机动的变载荷工作需求，提出了一种“2+4”可变载多轴矢量推进布局，可通过改变推进器朝向实现高速时的高效推进与低速时的高机动性。基于计算流体力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD）数值模拟方法，研究了装备有该新型矢量推进布局的水下无人航行器（Unmanned Underwater Vehicle，UUV）在直航、斜航等工况下的水动力特性及推进器偏转对水动力性能的影响规律。研究结果显示：高速巡航状态下，UUV 阻力与推进器转速呈抛物型变化关系；垂直面斜航运动与艏部推进器偏转对整机垂向力及俯仰力矩影响显著，且艏部推进器尾流会削弱艉部推进器性能；艉部推进器收放对 UUV 受力影响微弱，但可提供额外的控制力矩。研究结果可为高性能水下航行器推进方式与布局的优化设计提供重要参考，可作为该新型 UUV 后续改型的指导方向。

关键词:矢量推进技术;高低速可变载;数值模拟;水动力特性

Abstract:

Propulsion performance is one of the most important properties of underwater vehicles，and underwater vectored propulsion technology is the best choice for high-performance underwater vehicles in the future due to its all-round propulsion control capability，high propulsion efficiency，low vibration and noise levels. Considering the requirements of high-speed navigation and low-speed maneuvering，a “2+4” variable-load multi-axis vectored propulsion layout is proposed ， which can achieve efficient propulsion at high speed and high maneuverability at low speed by changing the direction of thrusters. Based on computational fluid dynamics（CFD）， the hydrodynamic characteristics of the unmanned underwater vehicle（UUV）equipped with this new propulsion layout under cruise and oblique navigation and the effect of thruster deflection on UUV hydrodynamic performance are studied. Our results indicate that there is a parabolic relationship between UUV resistance and the rotation speed of the thruster under high-speed cruise conditions. The oblique navigation and the deflection of the bow thruster have a significant effect on the vertical force and pitch moment of the whole UUV. The wake of front thrusters will weaken the performance of the rear thrusters. The retraction of rear thrusters has little effect on UUV hydrodynamic forces，but can provide additional control torques. The research of this work can provide an important reference for the optimal design of the propulsion mode and layout of high-performance underwater vehicles，and can be used as a guiding direction for the future improvement of the new UUV.

Key words:vectored propulsion;high-low speed variable load;numerical simulation;hydrodynamic characteristics