典型浅海环境参数对声传播损失影响及试验验证

The Effect of Typical Shallow Sea Environmental Parameters on Acoustic Transmission Loss and Experimental Verification

摘要:

针对典型浅海环境参数对声传播损失影响问题,本文提出了一种基于海底边界反射系数修正的改进耦合简正波—抛物方程模型,设计并开展了典型南海海域声传播损失测试试验,模型相对误差小于4%、均方根误差小于3dB,验证了模型的准确性。接着,分别对声速剖面、海面海况、海底底质、海底地形4种海洋环境参数,设计了5种工况,进行仿真计算分析。得出声速剖面主要影响声会聚区的分布,负梯度下声会聚区能量多集中于海底和声源深度附近,而正梯度下声会聚区能量多集中于海面附近；浅海环境下声传播损失分布受海面海况、海底底质因素影响较大；海底地形是影响水下声传播损失的主要因素,海底斜坡既可以汇集声波能量,也可以使其发散。

关键词:声传播损失,浅海环境,典型海洋环境,试验验证

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of the influence of typical shallow sea environmental parameters on acoustic propagation loss, this paper proposes an improved coupled simple positive wave-parabolic equation model based on the correction of reflection coefficient of seabed boundary, and designs and carries out a test test of acoustic propagation loss in typical South China Sea waters, with a relative error of less than 4% and a root mean square error of less than 3dB, which verifies the accuracy of the model. Then, five working conditions were designed for four marine environmental parameters, namely sonic velocity profile, sea surface and sea state, seabed bottom and seabed topography, and simulation calculation and analysis were carried out. It is concluded that the sound velocity profile mainly affects the distribution of the acoustic convergence zone, and the energy of the acoustic convergence zone is mostly concentrated near the seabed and the depth of the sound source under the negative gradient, while the energy of the acoustic convergence zone is mostly concentrated near the sea surface under the positive gradient.

Key words:sound transmission loss, shallow sea environment, typical marine environment, experimental verification