水面舰艇综合防御鱼雷问题探析

Discussion on Problems about Integrated Torpedo Defense for Surface Ships

摘要:

鱼雷是水面舰艇面临的主要威胁之一，如何有效防御现代鱼雷攻击是世界各国海军必须关心的问题。同水面舰艇导弹防御相比，水下作战空间的复杂性给水下鱼雷防御带来了更多挑战。水面舰艇成功防御现代鱼雷攻击，不仅需要采用软硬杀伤手段进行多层次防御，还应把对潜攻击作为一个高效的鱼雷防御手段。对水面舰艇综合防御鱼雷问题进行了探析，分析了防御对象多样性和防御手段相干性带来的挑战，讨论了现阶段制约鱼雷综合防御效果的突出问题，并从态势感知提升、防御手段改进和决策实施优化等方面给出了解决措施。成功实施攻防一体化的鱼雷综合防御，不但可以提高单次鱼雷防御成功率，还可以通过攻防转换影响后续鱼雷攻击，显著提高水面舰艇的生存概率。

Abstract:

Torpedo is one of the main threats to surface ships. How to effectively defend against modern torpedo attack is a problem that all navies must pay attention to. Compared with surface ship missile defense，the complexity of underwater combat space brings more challenges to underwater torpedo defense. The successful defense of surface ships against modern torpedo attack requires not only the use of soft and hard killing means for multi-level defense，but also the attack on submarines. Challenges brought by the diversity of defense objects and the relevance of defense means are analyzed. The outstanding problems restricting the effectiveness of integrated torpedo defense at present are discussed. Solutions from the aspects of enhancing situational awareness，improving defense means，and optimizing decision implementation are put forward. Integrated torpedo defense can not only improve the success rate of single torpedo defense，but also affect the subsequent torpedo attack through the transition of attack and defense，and significantly improve the survival probability of surface ships.