The Kuroshio is a famous western boundary current in the Pacific Ocean and the main artery of the circulation system in the East China Sea. The hydrological conditions of the East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea in China are basically constrained by the Kuroshio and its branches. Therefore, research on the Kuroshio has received widespread attention from scholars. For the AVISO altimeter geostrophic current data, an improved feature line method and maximum gradient method are used to achieve automated detection of the Kuroshio surface current axis. The empirical mode decomposition method was used to decompose the offshore distance sequence of the Kuroshio current axis, and the self-organizing mapping method was used to classify the Kuroshio current axis. The results indicate that the Kuroshio current axis oscillates significantly in the southern waters of Honshu Island and Kyushu Island, while the oscillation amplitude is relatively small in the southern waters of Shikoku Island.In the regions on the south of the Kyushu Island, the Kuroshio axes mainly present nearshore and straight patterns for more than half of the studied time period, and the “large meandering” state accounts for approximately 35%.