The performance of sonar equipment is closely linked to the marine environment. Thoroughly investigating the impact of the ocean environment on sonar equipment and vigorously developing environmentally adaptive sonar systems are of paramount importance in enhancing our capabilities in underwater information technology. This paper primarily analyzes the influence of the marine environment on sonar performance, encompassing irregular seabed boundaries, the physicochemical properties of seawater, and multi-scale ocean dynamic processes. Additionally, it provides a set of measures and recommendations for the utilization and advancement of sonar equipment.