Abstract:The principles and development of airborne LiDAR underwater detection are expounded upon, including the principles of LiDAR underwater detection and the development history of LiDAR underwater detection. A detailed analysis of the main airborne LiDAR underwater detection systems is conducted, including mainstream airborne LiDAR depth measurement systems and their development trends. In terms of key technologies for shallow-water small target detection, high-power density laser technology, high-performance underwater optical systems, wide-field rapid imaging technology, small target autonomous identification and precise positioning technology, and lightweight technology are analyzed and summarized. This serves as a reference and basis for further promoting the development of high-precision underwater target detection technology using LiDAR.