多波束测深声呐成像仿真及作用距离分析

Simulation and Range Analysis of Multibeam Bathymetric Sonar

摘要:

AUV 等无人装备研制过程中如何选择合适的多波束测深系统以满足特定作业场景需求是工程技术人员关心的问题之一。从多波束测深声呐系统与 AUV 等无人系统的匹配角度出发，采用混响背景下的主动声呐方程建立了不同工作频率多波束作用距离计算评估方法，对 100 kHz~500 kHz 的多波束测深声呐作用距离进行了计算对比。在此基础上，采用线性调频、FFT 波束形成、脉冲压缩、样条插值扩充目标角度、Rife 算法优化角度估计技术，建立了多波束测深声呐的成像仿真方法，并通过直线地形、台阶地形对多波束测深声呐的成像特点和测深分辨率进行了分析。主要结论：1）建立了一种多波束作用距离评估的方法，可用于指导无人装备用多波束测深声呐频率参数的选型；2）建立的多波束测深声呐仿真办法可以帮助工程技术人员更直观地理解多波束测深声呐的成像特点；3）通过仿真分析了 CW 信号与线性调频信号下的距离分辨率，可用于指导波束测深作业时的高度、信号参数设置。

Abstract:

How to select suitable multibeam bathymetry sonar to meet the operational requirement of unmanned equipment such as AUVs is one of the concerns for engineering and technical personnel. Based on the adaptability of multibeam bathymetric sonar system to unmanned systems，a method for calculating and evaluating the operating range of multibeam bathymetric sonar at different operating frequencies is established using the active sonar equation in the reverberation background，and the operating range of multibeam bathymetric sonar from 100kHz to 500kHz is calculated and compared. On this basis，high-precision imaging simulation of multibeam bathymetry is conducted using linear frequency modulation signal，FFT beamforming，pulse compression，spline interpolation to expand target angle，and Rife algorithm to optimize angle estimation. The imaging characteristics and bathymetry resolution of multibeam bathymetry sonar are analyzed through linear terrain and stepped terrain. The results show that the proposed multibeam range evaluation method can be used to guide the selection of frequency parameters for multibeam sounding sonar for unmanned equipment，and the established multibeam bathymetric sonar simulation method can help engineering technicians more intuitively understand the imaging characteristics. The distance resolution of CW signals and linear frequency modulation signals is analyzed through simulation，which can be used to guide the height and signal parameter settings during multibeam bathymetry operations.