水下滑翔机观测台风“天鸽”过境的海洋响应研究

Study on Ocean Response of Typhoon Hato Based on Underwater Glider Observation

摘要:

水下滑翔机作为一种新型移动观测平台，可以对热带气旋过境期间引发的海洋响应进行全方位的观测，利用获取的观测数据能够进一步增强台风预报的准确性。从水下滑翔机相较于其他热带气旋观测方式的优势展开，基于“海燕”系列水下滑翔机观测到的台风“天鸽”(Hato)引起的海洋温盐异常历史数据， 并结合同期卫星的观测数据和 JMA(Japan Meteorology Agency)最佳台风路径数据库，分析研究水平和垂直方向上的海洋温盐异常响应。验证了 4 台“海燕–II”水下滑翔机具有对 2017 年台风“天鸽”引起的海洋响应进行精细化剖面观测的能力，可以完整捕捉台风过境引起的垂直混合现象以及降雨对其观测区域内盐度变化的影响，并分析水下滑翔机观测数据得出台风期间海洋响应的程度与其距离台风的位置有关，即台风期间水下滑翔机观测海域与台风路径距离越近，其温盐异常变化越明显，并且台风路径右侧海域相较于路径左侧海域的温度异常幅度更大。

Abstract:

Underwater glider，a new mobile observation platform，can observe the ocean’s response during tropical cyclones in considerable detail，and by employing the obtained observation data，the accuracy of typhoon forecasts can be significantly improved. This paper starts with the advantages of underwater gliders compared with other tropical cyclone observation methods，based on the observation of historical data of temperature and salt anomaly of “Petrel-II” underwater gliders for Typhoon Hato，combined with the observation data of satellites and JMA(Japan Meteorology Agency)database in the same period，the temperature and salt anomaly response in horizontal and vertical directions are analyzed. It has been confirmed that four “Petrel-II” underwater gliders made fine profile observations on the ocean response caused by Typhoon Hato in 2017，which can effectively capture the vertical mixing phenomenon during the typhoon and the influence of rainfall on salinity in the observation area，and the ocean response degree during the typhoon is related to the location of the typhoon. That is，the closer the ocean is to the typhoon path during the typhoon，the more obvious the temperature and salt anomaly is，and the magnitude of temperature anomalies is greater on the right side of the typhoon path compared to the left side of the path.