When the underwater rocket engine works,its tail will produce high-intensity and broadband background noises. Based on the analysis of the producing mechanism and physical characteristics of rocket engine noise,the detection process and method for pulse signals under the noise background of rocket engine are mainly studied. Adaptive denoising and filtering are adopted to reduce the intensity of background noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The detection method of impulse signal under the noise background of rocket engine is established to solve the problem that it is difficult to detect impulse signal with strong background noise,which provides a new idea for underwater application of rocket engine.