水下导航定位技术研究进展

Research Progress of Underwater Navigation and Positioning Technology

摘要:

由于海水介质对电磁波的强吸收屏蔽效应影响，水下潜航器的隐蔽航行使得对其进行水下导航定位成为一个难点和热点研究方向。现有水下导航与定位技术以惯性导航传统自主导航技术为主体，围绕修正惯性导航产生的累积误差问题，发展形成了航位推算导航、地球物理匹配导航技术、水声导航技术等多种辅助导航技术。系统地介绍了这些水下导航技术及其组合方式的基本原理、主要特点及研究进展，并对未来水下导航技术发展趋势和应用进行了展望。

Abstract:

Due to the influence of seawater medium on the strong absorption and shielding effect of electromagnetic waves，the covert sailing of underwater vehicles makes its underwater navigation and positioning become a difficulty and a hot research field. The existing underwater navigation and positioning technology is mainly based on the traditional autonomous navigation of the inertial navigation system(INS). To correct the cumulative error caused by INS，various auxiliary navigation technologies such as dead reckoning(DR)navigation，geophysical matching navigation and underwater acoustic navigation have been developed. This paper systematically introduces the basic principles，main characteristics and research progress of the abovementioned underwater navigation technologies and their combination methods，and then looks forward the development trend and application of underwater navigation technology in the future.