西北太平洋台风海域实时海洋监测

Real-time Ocean Monitoring in Typhoon Genesis Region of Northwestern Pacific Ocean

摘要:

简要阐述了西北太平洋台风海域实时海洋监测及其对台风预测预报的重要意义，以及利用卫星跟踪的自动剖面浮标实时监测海洋环境要素的必要性和迫切性。2010–2016 年期间，中国 Argo 在该海域布放了 36 个铱卫星剖面浮标，利用其双向通讯功能，实现在台风天气条件下对上层海洋进行加密观测，从而获取到台风源地及其经过前后上层海洋的现场环境要素资料；开发研制了台风海域实时海洋环境智能服务平台， 实现了对台风路径附近 Argo 剖面浮标位置的实时监控、漂移轨迹的可视化追踪、观测参数的快速调整以及观测资料的高效检索和统计分析等智能管理目标。最后，展望西北太平洋台风海域 Argo 实时海洋监测网的发展及应用前景，设想在西北太平洋台风海域建设并维持一个由 30~45 个浮标组成的 Argo 实时海洋监测网，从而为台风预测预报提供更多、更有针对性的第一手资料。

Abstract:

In this paper，the real-time ocean monitoring in typhoon genesis region of the northwestern Pacific Ocean and its crucial meaning to typhoon forecasting and predicting，as well as the importance and necessity of the adoption of satellite-tracked autonomous profiling floats in monitoring ocean environmental parameters are depicted. During 2010-2016，China Argo deployed 36 profiling floats with Iridium communication antenna in this region. By the two-way communication function，we achieved intelligent management objectives such as intensive observations in the upper ocean under typhoon conditions，and obtained in-situ environmental elements data in the upper ocean of the typhoon genesis region. A real-time ocean environment smart platform for typhoon genesis region has been developed to achieve intelligent management objectives such as real-time monitoring to positions of Argo floats near the typhoon track，visual tracking of drifting trajectory，rapid adjustment of the observation parameters，and efficient searching of the observations and statistical analyzing，etc. In final，a perspective of developing and applying of the Argo real-time ocean monitoring network in typhoon genesis region of the northwestern Pacific Ocean was given，in which an Argo real-time observing array consisted of 30~45 floats is expected to be established and maintained aiming at providing more and targeted first-hand information for typhoon forecasting and predicting.